Next in tech?

How does a company like Google stay competitive as its core business of web advertising change?  One possibility is to combine its vast knowledge gained from watching searches for 17 years with AI (artificial intelligence) to create a device that can "do things" rather than simply search.  It began with the ability to answer questions as an extension of search.  The new goal is to consider all the parameters and book the flight you want, i.e. figure it all out.  Or combine with others to schedule a meeting without human intervention.  http://www.nytimes.com/  If you have sold your soul to Google so that it knows everything about you, e.g. through that Android phone you are carrying around, try stretching the abilities of Google Now -- it is impressively capable at successfully responding to spoken questions.

Secure Software

We have known for a long time that formal verification was possible in small pieces of code — that is, provably correct code (no bugs).  Well, embedded systems tend to have small code.  As a result, DARPA is finding success from a security standpoint in formally verified code.  The scenario is a formally verified helicopter delivery drone that attackers were unable to compromise even after providing exceptional access.  The article is nice because it explains the success and challenges.  It is entirely possible that embedded security such as vehicle security will be formal verification. https://www.wired.com/

Exoskeleton

Here is a different take on an exoskeleton from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Switzerland: https://www.ethz.ch/  They wrap an exoskeleton around limbs with limited functionality and control them using a patient's own brain.  The example used here wraps the exoskeleton around the back of a hand allowing the hand to do the grasping assisted by the robot.

Tera-bit Internet

Nokia claims it will demonstrate tera-bit internet (http://www.zdnet.com/).  That would be 1,000 times faster than Google fiber and 10 times faster (or more) than the current internet backbone.  One thing to note is that the fiber itself isn't changing.  A strand of fiber is basically as pure as possible so the changes come at the ends where you put (and take) signals on the fiber.  In this case, they are tuning multiple wavelengths to be more efficient so they can carry more information.

Scanning + Computing reads ancient burned Biblical scroll

The video in this article (http://gizmodo.com/) describes how scans are processed in software to extract readable text from a piece of charcoal that was once a Biblical scroll.  They first determined the layers that represented the rolled up scroll.  Because the ink was denser than the scroll skin the ink showed up as brighter pixels on the layers revealing characters.

The text was Leviticus -- now the oldest version found.  Leviticus has such gems as "love your neighbor as yourself," but also "don't wear clothing made of two kinds of material" and many other things not to do.  It also has a darker side when it was used to justify slavery.

Hacking a secured iPhone

In the aftermath of the San Bernadino shootings last year the FBI was unable to hack past the security of an iPhone and demanded that Apple break their own security.  A security firm stepped forward and used a hardware attack to circumvent entry.  How did they do it?  Here is a high level description of what security researchers did -- likely similar to what the security firm did: http://www.bbc.com/

The problem is that after too many failed attempts to enter a passcode the phone will permanently shut down.  The challenge is to remove the attempt limit so all possible passcodes can be tried -- the passcode on that phone was only 4 numbers (new phones require 6 which is considerably more guesses).  The trick was to find the memory chip that stored the count and replace it with a new chip with a zeroed count before the limit was reached (much harder to do than it sounds).  It is a laborious process, but it can be done.

Comparing an iPhone to the "first" supercomputer

I just got an iPhone 7 (switched from Android) so phone computing power is on my mind.

Linpack is a set of linear algebra routines used frequently in scientific computing for decades so it provides a way to compare new computers to very old ones.  

The Cray-1 supercomputer of 1979, sometimes referred to as the "first" supercomputer. It cost $9 million in 1979 dollars ($26 million today), had 1 MegaByte of memory, weighed 5.5 tons, and required 115 KWatts of power.  It ran the linpack benchmark at 3.4 Mflops (million floating point operations per second).  The iPhone 6+ ran linpack at 180 Mflops on similar data -- the phone actually runs faster on larger matrices.  So the iPhone 6 is roughly 60 times faster.  And it fits in your pocket.

The Cray-1 was a milestone for weather prediction because it was the first computer that could do a 24-hour weather prediction in less than 24 hours (only a little less so it still wasn't useful at first).